Kazakhstan national costume is a fascinating blend of history, culture, and practicality. These traditional garments tell the story of the Kazakhstan people’s way of life, their artistic expressions, and their adaptation to the environment. Here are six key aspects to know about Kazakhstan’s national costume:
Material and Fabric
The traditional costumes are typically made from natural materials that were readily available to the nomads. Wool, leather, and felt were common choices. Wool and felt provided excellent insulation against the cold, while leather was durable and protective.
These materials were not only practical but also allowed for beautiful decorations and designs. The use of natural dyes added vibrant colors to the costumes, making them both functional and visually striking.
Kazakh traditional costumes were adapted for the nomadic lifestyle and harsh weather conditions. Ton, a coat typically worn during winter, was sewn using tanned sheepskin lined with wool.
Wealthy Kazakhs would wear tons made from the wool of lambs of about four to five months old. The coats are also sometimes made from the pelt of raccoons or silver foxes, or the hair of the Bactrian camel for a luxurious touch.
Men’s Attire
Men’s traditional attire includes several key pieces. The main garment is a long-sleeved shirt known as a koylek, paired with trousers called shalbar.
Over these, men would wear a robe called a chapan or shapan, which is often elaborately embroidered with intricate patterns. A wide belt is worn around the waist, not only as a decorative element but also to provide support during physical activities.
The headgear is also distinctive, with fur hats like the tyubeteika or malakai being common. These hats provided warmth and were often adorned with decorative elements.
Women’s Attire
Women’s traditional dress is equally elaborate and beautiful. It typically includes a long dress called a koylek, which features a wide, flowing skirt.
This dress is often paired with a sleeveless jacket known as a kamzol. One of the most striking elements of women’s attire is the headwear.
Married women would wear a saukele, a tall, ornate headdress, during special occasions such as weddings. The saukele is often richly decorated with embroidery, beads, and sometimes even precious stones. Women’s costumes are known for their bright colors and intricate designs, showcasing the skill and artistry of Kazakh women.
Ornamentation and Symbolism
The costumes are not just about practicality; they are also a canvas for artistic expression. Traditional Kazakh clothing is adorned with intricate patterns and motifs that hold deep cultural significance. Common motifs include floral and geometric designs, each symbolizing different aspects of life and nature.
For example, floral patterns might represent beauty and fertility, while geometric shapes could symbolize unity and harmony.
Jewelry is also a significant part of the costume, often made from silver and featuring traditional designs. These pieces of jewelry are not only decorative but also carry symbolic meanings and are believed to bring good fortune.
It’s practical – and modest
For the convenience of getting on and off horses, Kazakh herdsmen have traditionally worn loose-fitting trousers that are durable to boot. Speaking of boots, they are commonly worn by both Kazakh men and women as they are suited for the rugged terrain and protect against harsh weather elements.
And no matter the tribe or gender, the traditional clothing tends to be conservative – Kazakhstan is a Muslim-majority country – and usually covers up to the wrists and ankles.
The shoes are a step above the rest
Shoemaking is a well-developed craft among the Kazakhs. Materials needed for making shoes – such as rawhide cords and straps, skin and sinew threads – were all made by the shoemakers.
Winter footwear is usually made from much thicker leather and boasts exceptional craftsmanship as well as durability. One example is the saptama, heavy leather boots for men made from well-curried horse or ox hide. Ladies’ footwear is usually more exquisite.
For instance, women’s masi (soft thin boots) are made of chagrin leather (made from the back of camels or donkeys) and embellished with ornamental patterns.
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